Study on Association of Recent and Past Chlamydophila pneumoniae Infection with Classic Multiple Sclerosis.

Aims: We conducted this study to determine if there is any correlation between Classical Multiple Sclerosis and Chlamydophilia pneumoniae infection by ELISA (IgM, IgG, IgA). Study Design: cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: The present study was performed in the Department of Microbiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences between April 2012 and April 2013 Methodology: Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection certified by ELISA in patients (n=46) and control (n=46) using commercial assays (anti- C. pneumoniae IgG, anti- C. pneumoniae IgM, and anti- C. pneumoniae IgA kits). Data were analyzed by using four statistical tests (Pearson chi square, Kendall's tau, and Spearman's rho). Results: Seropositivity to anti- C. pneumoniae IgG was seen less frequently in patients versus controls (69.0% versus 81.4%; P=0.187). Seropositivity to anti- C. pneumoniae IgA was also observed less frequently in patients than in controls (7.2 % versus 11.6%; P= 0.479).However anti- C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies were seen more often in classical multiple sclerosis patients than it was in controls ( 11.9% versus 2.3%; P= 0.085). Conclusion: We concluded that recent or past C. pneumoniae infection has no correlation in initiation or protection of CMS.

Detection of Pathogenic Legionella pneumophila in Tap Water and Water of Newborn Incubators in Hospitals of Guilan Province by PCR of mip Gene.

Aims: This study is designed to determine the frequency of Legionella pneumophila in cold and warm water as well as water containers of newborn incubators in Guilan province hospitals, Iran, using amplification of the macrophage infectivity protein gene (mip gene) by PCR. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The present study was performed in the Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences between June 2011 and July 2012 Methodology: Samples were collected directly in sterile containers, concentrated in centrifuge, transferred to yeast extract broth containing L- cysteine, Fe2+, Glycin and vancomycin and incubated for 3-4 days. DNA was extracted by using the boiling method and PCR was performed to search Legionella and mip gene using two pairs of primers. Contamination with other bacteria was evaluated in all negative samples using universal primers of 16S rRNA gene. Results: About 8.5% of the samples had L. pneumophila including 11% of the incubators and 5.8% of both hot and cold tap water. The mip gene was found in 2.8% of the samples. One third of the incubator and one half of the hot water habited L. pneumophila had the mip gene but it was not found in cold tap water samples. About 87.2% of the negative samples showed bacterial contamination as revealed by PCR with primers of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusions: This study indicates that in spite of using distilled water for incubators, L. pneumophila contamination is considerable and other bacterial contamination is very high. It may be related to the length of time that water remains in an incubator container which is a predisposing factor for both biofilm formation and the growth of water microflora. It seems that the high temperature of hot water system and the high rate of free residual chlorine in tap water system are the main causes of low rate of Legionella contamination but are ineffective on contamination with other bacteria.

Pediatric unintentional injuries in North of Iran

Since the beginning of the 21[st] century, injury has been the most serious public health problem that children face with. The aim of this study was epidemiologic evaluation of unintentional injury in north of Iran. In a prospective cross-sectional study between September 2005-July 2006 we studied data of 347 trauma patients aged 14 years and younger, including sex, age, trauma mechanism, transportation facility, anatomical sites of injury, severity of head injury according to GCS [Severe: 3-8, Moderate: 9-12, Mild: 13-15], injury severity score [ISS], and length of hospital stay [LOHS]. SPSS 13 and independent t-test were used to analyze of data. Out of 3605 trauma patients, 353 were 14 years old or younger with a mean age [SD] of 7.6 [4.0]; Male to female ratio about 2:1. Most of them [42.9%] were 1-5 years old. In patients younger than 1 year, falling was the most common [52.2%] mechanism of trauma while in other groups, traffic accidents were the leading cause of injury. About half of the patients were transported to hospital by their families or other people. About 77% of them suffered from head injury. Mean [SD] ISS was 4.3 [6.6], about 12% had severe injury and it was more than 25 in about 3%. Mean [SD] LOHS was 5.1 [8.9] days. Occurrence of falling and traffic accidents in children is remarkably high. Mainly traffic accidents are preventable. We suggest paying more attention to safety education in all levels of community